The 1993 Maastricht Treaty has had far greater ramifications than on economic policies alone. The discipline of European studies has developed in order to understand the many effects of these changes and how to work with them through such subjects as history, culture, politics, business, and economics.

France, officially the French Republic, is a unitary semi-presidential republic located mostly in Western Europe, with several overseas regions and territories.

A master program may be offered in a variety of different fields, allowing students of almost any subject to enhance their knowledge and improve their credentials. This degree generally takes one to three years to obtain, although requirements may vary.